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PRECLINICAL LIPID PROFILE STUDIES OF AN AYURVEDIC PREPARATION NARADIYA LAKSMIVILASA RASA AFTER CHRONIC ADMINISTRATION TO MALE SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS
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S. J. Sarah Muneem, Tania Nasrin, Md. Rakib Hasan, Mohammad Jashim Uddin, Md. Mamun Sikder, Latifa Bulbul, Jannatul Fardous and M. S. K. Choudhuri |
Abstract
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Naradiya Laksmivilasa Rasa (NMB) is a classical Ayurvedic formulation markedly used in the treatment of sinusitis, chronic skin diseases, diabetes, fistula, obesity, rheumatoid arthritis, ascites, headache, gynecological disorders and urinary tract disorders. The present study is conducted to evaluate the effect of conventionally prepared NMB on different lipid profile parameters in experimental animals, for providing scientific data base for its logical use in clinical practice. Acute toxicity tests were conducted to determine the LD50 of the drug. To find out the effect of chronic administration of NMB on serum lipid profile it was administered chronically to the male Sprague-Dawley rats at a dose of 400 mg/kg for 43 days. A significant decrease in HDL cholesterol level (p=0.02, 25.98% decrease) was observed. The drug (NMB) did not affect triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), LDL, VLDL, and Non-HDL level significantly; thus leading to an insignificant change in atherogenic indices like Cardiac Risk Ratio (TC/HDL), Atherogenic Coefficient [(TC-HDL)/HDL)], Castelli’s Risk Index-II (CRI-II) (HDL/LDL) and Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP) (log (TG/HDL)). This experimental data will help the clinician for the logical use of NMB in different disease conditions.
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210-216 |
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A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY ON AVAILABILITY OF ESSENTIAL MEDICINES AND BASIC DIAGNOSTIC EQUIPMENTS IN TANZANIA
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Henry Irunde, Omary Minzi, and Candida Moshiro |
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The objective of this study was to determine availability of medicines and diagnostic equipments in public and private health care facilities in Tanzania. Four regions participated in the study and for each region, two districts were randomly chosen, one rural and one urban, in which 67 health facilities were drawn studied. Sixteen medicines were picked from National Essential Medicines List and ten diagnostic equipments were selected and their availability determined. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16.0 SPSS, Inc. Chicago, USA, was used to analyse data. Mean availability of medicines was 80% in studied facilities; regional mean availability of medicines was 86% for Dar es Salaam, 82% for Kilimanjaro, 85% for Mbeya, and 70% for Mwanza. Availability of diagnostic equipments in consultation rooms was 39% (N=143). Availability of medicines and diagnostic equipments in studied health facilities were sub-optimal and interventions to address the situation are required.
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201-209 |
3 |
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196-200 |
4 |
EFFECT OF SWARNA SINDURA ON THYROID HORMONES IN SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS
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Md. Afaz Uddin, Md. Rakib Hasan, Arjyabrata Sarker, Uday Krishna Mondal, Sagor Chandra Roy, Md. Al Foyjul Islam, Marjana Khalil, M. S. K. Choudhuri |
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Swarna Sindura (SS) is an ayurvedic preparation used as a traditional medicine in the treatment of neurasthenia. In this study, effect of SS on thyroid hormone profile was evaluated after chronic administration of this drug to male Sprague-Dawley rats. The acute pharmacological test of SS recorded no death or any signs of toxicity even at the highest dose of 4000 mg/Kg body weight. For chronic pharmacological evaluation, the animals were divided into two groups. The first group was given SS preparation at a dose of 40 mg/kg body weight for 28 days while the second group that served as the control received water for the same period. After 28 days of chronic administration of the SS preparation the following effects on the thyroid hormone profile were noted. There was a statistically highly significant (p=0.008, 15.62 % increase) increase in the serum circulating free Triiodothyronine (fT3) level. The drug (SS) did not affect serum circulating total Thyroxine (tT4) level, total Triiodothyronine (tT3) level, free Thyroxine (fT4) level and Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) significantly.
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191-195 |
5 |
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162-190 |
6 |
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155-161 |
7 |
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147-154 |
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FORMULATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CEFIXIME MICROSPHERES
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Y. Manjula Devi, S. Venkata Naidu, G. Sailaja, R. Ramachandra Murthy, B. Ranganath |
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The purpose of this research work was to increase the residence time of drug Cefixime by formulating as floating microspheres and to study the effect of formulation variables on microsphere characteristics. Microspheres were prepared by solvent evaporation method in which ethyl cellulose used as a release retardant polymer. Nine different formulations were prepared by changing drug to polymer ratio, volume of internal phase, volume of external phase and stirring time. The prepared microspheres were characterized for drug - polymer compatibility by IR, percentage yield, particle size analysis, drug entrapment efficiency, surface morphology by SEM, bulk density, percentage buoyancy, in-vitro release and release kinetic studies. Results of these evaluations showed that particle size in the range of 102.5±1.3µm to 110±2.21 µm, entrapment efficiency was found to be 75.69±1.91 to 88.35±2.67%, drug content was found to be in the range of 97.46±2.4 to98.95±1.8. Fourier-Transform Infra Red (FT-IR) studies ensured that no drug - polymer interaction in the formulated microspheres and the surface topography revealed a spherical surface for all the formulations and a round cavity enclosed by an outer shell composed of the drug and polymer. In- vitro release profile of microspheres for F6 formulation was found to be 97.87±0.2 at the end of 12 hrs. In release kinetic studies, the F6 formulation followed zero order drug release with non-Fickian diffusion mechanism.
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138-146 |
9 |
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132-137 |
10 |
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125-131 |
11 |
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111-124 |
12 |
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99-110 |
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91-98 |
14 |
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82-90 |
15 |
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78-81 |
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RP- HPLC METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION FOR DETERMINATION OF RIVAROXABAN IN THE PURE AND PHARMACUETICAL DOSAGE FORM
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R. Nageswara Rao, L Sivasankar Reddy2 and R. Meenakshi |
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A simple, rapid, accurate, precise, robust and reproducible RP-HPLC method was developed for the determination of Rivaroxaban in pure drug and pharmaceutical dosage form. The quantification was carried out using enable C18 (250×4.6mm, 5µm) column in a binary mode with mobile phase comprising 0.1% GAA : ACN in 30:70 %v/v at flow rate 1ml/min, detection was carried out at 250nm using PDA detector with injection volume 20µl, the retention time was found to be 3.44min.The method produced linear response in the concentration range of 2-10µg/ml (R2 ˜0.9993). The recovery studies were carried out and %RSD was found to be 0.21. LOD and LOQ of Rivaroxaban for the method were found to be 0.008µg/ml and 0.248µg/ml respectively. The proposed method was statistically evaluated and found to be highly sensitive, precise, accurate, robust and fast. The shorter retention time allows the analysis of large number of samples in short period of time and it is cost effective, so it can be successfully applied for routine analysis of quality control of raw materials and formulation of different strengths of Rivaroxaban.
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71-77 |
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PRECLINICAL LIPID PROFILE STUDIES OF A CLASSICAL AYURVEDIC PREPARATION MAKARADHWAJ RAS AFTER CHRONIC ADMINISTRATION TO MALE SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS
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Uday Krishna Mondal, Md. Afaz Uddin, Sagor Chandra Roy, Tanmoy Sana, Md. Mamun Sikder, Marjana Khalil, Md. Nuruzzaman Neon and M. S. K. Choudhuri |
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Makaradhwaj Ras (MRS) is an Ayurvedic preparation used in traditional medicine as a cure for debility in chronic fatigue syndrome in the rural population. The present study is conducted to evaluate the effect of conventionally prepared MRS on different lipid profile parameters in experimental animals. Acute toxicity tests were conducted to determine the LD50 of the drug. To find out the effect of chronic administration of MRS on serum lipid profile it was administered chronically to the male Sprague-Dawley rats at a dose of 40 mg/kg for 28 days. The drug (MRS) did not affect triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), LDL-C, VLDL-C, HDL-C and Non HDL-C level significantly; thus leading to an insignificant change in atherogenic indices like Cardiac Risk Ratio (TC/HDL-C), Atherogenic Coefficient [(TC - HDL-C)/HDL-C)], Castelli’s Risk Index-II (CRI-II) (HDL-C/LDL-C) and Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP) (log (TG/HDL-C)). This experimental data will help the clinician for the logical use of MRS in different disease conditions with findings like no significant change in the lipid profile parameters.
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65-70 |
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57-64 |
19 |
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51-56 |
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TOXICOLOGICAL STUDIES OF AN AYURVEDIC MEDICINE KANKAYANA GUTIKA
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Tanmony Sana, Md. Mamun Sikder, Paritosh Chakma, Marjana Khalil, Nayma Abedin, Md. Al Foyjul Islam, Mohammad Jashim Uddin and M. S. K. Choudhuri |
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Kankayana Gutika (KKY) have been used for the treatment of gulma (localized abdominal swelling or tumor) in Indian subcontinent. However, safety and efficacy of this treatment have not been evaluated. Therefore, the present study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy and safety of KKY in experimental animals. During this study, various experiments on body growth rate, organ-body weight ratio and tissue hydration indices were performed to evaluate its efficacy and toxicity. To find out the toxicological characteristic of KKY, it was administered chronically to the male Sprague-Dawley rats at a dose of 400 mg/kg for 46 days and the following toxicological changes were noted. All throughout the experimental period the KKY treated animals were always maintaining negligible changes in body weight. There is a statistically very highly significant (p=0.001, 25.4% decrease) decrease in the relative percent weight of the male rat liver. There is also a statistically significant (p=0.026, 35.80% decrease) decrease in the relative percent weight of the male rat thymus.
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44-50 |
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Formulation, Characterization, and Optimization of Snakehead Fish (Ophiocephalus Striatus) Powder Nanoemulgel
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Robert Tungadi, Prisca Wicita |
Abstract
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Snakehead fish powder was formulated into nanoemulgel utilizing the best comparison of surfactant, co-surfactant and oil. The aims of this study was to determine physical stability and characterization of snakehead fish powder nanoemulgel by spontaneous emulsification method. PEG 400 was added into Tween 80 and olive oil then water, containing 0.1% of snakehead fish powder, was added drop by drop until becoming a transparent solution by sonication. Nanoemulsion was added with 1.5% HPMC gel and mixed until nanoemulgel form. It was characterized by UV-Vis Spectrophotometry and DLS. The results of this research showed that snakehead fish nanoemulgel produced clear, stable, and transparent formula having the transmittance value of 98.825%. The characterization results described nanoemulgel had the average of particle size, PDI, and zeta potential were around 2.9 nm, 0.589 and -60.72 mV respectively. This means that nanoemulgel was stable having a uniform particle size, pH 5, and the viscosity value of 210 cP. The results of the evaluation of stability test showed a good level of stability with the viscosity and pH by one way ANOVA analysis which did not change significantly.
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38-43 |
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QUANTITATIVE EVALUATION OF PLASMA PROTEINS, LIPID PROFILE, LIVER AND KIDNEY FUNCTION PARAMETERS AFTER CHRONIC ADMINISTRATION OF “PRADARANTAK LOUHA” TO MALE SPRAGUE –DAWLEY RATS
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Mariyam Akter, Chinmoy Kumar Sen, Mohammad Salim Hossain, M Shahabuddin Kabir Choudhuri |
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Background: Pradarantak Louha (PDL), a herbomineral Ayurvedic medicine has been used as a traditional medicine in the treatment of leucorrhoea for many years. Objectives: To evaluate the effect of Pradarantak Louha on major body organs. We assessed the possibility of side-effects after long term administration of Pradarantak Louha. Materials and Methods: To evaluate the effect of PDL, it was administered to the rats at a dose of 400 mg/kg for 54 days. Result: PDL does not change the plasma proteins (Total protein, albumin, and globulin) significantly. The change of bilirubin content was also not significant. In case of kidney function parameters, statistical significant increase was noted in both the creatinine content (p value: 0.015) and urea content (p value: 0.012). To assess the effect of PDL on cardiovascular health, lipid profile of rats were assayed and no significant changes were found. Conclusion: The outcome of this study implies that PDL is safe for our body but care should be taken when it is administered for long term and when it is accompanied by any kidney complications.
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29-37 |
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INFLUENCE OF SUPER DISINTEGRATING AGENTS ON IN-VITRO RELEASE OF CHLORPHENIRAMINE MALEATE SUBLINGUAL TABLETS
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Reddy Sunil, Goli. Vinitha, Yasmeen Tabassum, A. Venkatesham |
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The term Sublingual referred as “under the tongue”. In this route of administration the drug permeates through the tissues under tongue into the blood stream. The Sublingual route of administration play important role in avoiding first pass metabolism. The main objective is to improve bioavailability, rapid onset of action and solubility of the drug increased and protein binding is avoided. Sublingual tablets of Chlorpheniramine maleate formulated by using direct compression method. Nine formulations were formulated using Rotary compression machine to explain the effects of the sodium starch glycolate, Cross Povidone, Cross Carmellose Sodium on disintegration time, In-vitro release of the drug and % drug release. In addition the tablets are also evaluated for the weight variation, thickness, diameter, hardness, wetting time, water absorbivity ratio, FTIR, DSC and drug release studies. The Batch F8 is having the higher dissolution and disintegration rate for optimized sublingual Chlorpheniramine maleate tablet, for rapid onset of action for management of tussiveness. The F8 Formulation is having less wetting time and high water absorption ratio.
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17-28 |
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The effectiveness of leaf extract cherry (Muntingia calabura l.) as lowering cholesterol levels in white rats with simvastatin comparison
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Cut Fatimah |
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The flab in the body partly will form the excessive cholesterol, which can thicken the blood and the formation of thrombus in the blood can cause coronary heart disease, and even death are currently on the market have been widely circulated synthetic chemical drugs to lower blood cholesterol levels, but often cause various side effects, so it is necessary to find an alternative drugs from natural materials rational lowering cholesterol levels with relatively minor side effects. One plant has been used traditionally community to reduce body fat (obesity) is a cherry leaf. In addition cherry leaves have also been used to treat gout, diabetes, and high blood pressure, so that the possibility can be used as an alternative to cholesterol-lowering drugs. Extraction is done by percolation using 80% ethanol. Phytochemical screening performed on fresh leaves, botanicals, and cherry leaf ethanol extract. Decreased effectiveness of cholesterol using cholesterol level gauges Nesco®multicheck, the male rats induced by high cholesterol feed is duck eggs yolk mixture to 80% and 0.125% propylthiouracil orally by 4 ml, for 10 days to an increase in levels of blood cholesterol. Measurements were made once every 24 hours after the suspension of the ethanol extract of leaves of cherry with three doses of 2%, 4%, 6%, respectively 2 ml, as a blank CMC suspension 0.5%, and the comparison simvastatin dose of 0.025% respectively 4 ml. The data obtained were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by analysis of Least Significant Difference Test (BNT) using the least squares difference (Least Square Difference) with a 99% confidence level. Phytochemical screening result looks the same class of chemical compounds on fresh leaves, botanicals, and cherry leaf ethanol extract, namely alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, triterpenoids / steroids; and essential oils. The result of a decrease in blood cholesterol seen rats started on the third day after the administration of test materials, and showed a significant decrease in cholesterol on the seventh day, did not differ between the test material 4% and 6%. As for the test material 2%, is showing a decline on the ninth day. Of the three doses given cherry leaf extract noticeable decrease in blood cholesterol levels the most excellent rats at concentrations of 4% for the seventh day was not significantly different from the concentration of 6%.
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10-16 |
25 |
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1-9 |